A:

This has nothing to do with the framework programmes themselves.

Commercial organisations, who can, in their own country, reclaim VAT, may also recover VAT paid in other EU member States, using a special procedure under the 8th Directive. If local VAT is not recoverable then probably overseas VAT is not recoverable. There are commercial organisations in member States who are dealing with recovering inter-State VAT and if you normally recover VAT, contact them.